Evaluation of the Potential Targets of Shenxian–Shengmai Oral Liquid in Treating Sick Sinus Syndrome Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking

Shenxian-Shengmai (SXSM) is a Chinese patent medicine used in the treatment of sick sinus syndrome (SSS). However, its active chemical compounds and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we researched the underlying mechanisms of SXSM in treating SSS. We conducted network analysis and molecular docking to identify the small molecules and core targets responsible for the therapeutic efficacy of SXSM on SSS. In vitro experiments were performed to verify the potential therapeutic mechanism. Network pharmacological analysis identified 17 core targets. Among these, BMP4, KCNH2, KCNMA1, and KCNQ1 were identified to be involved in various biological processes, such as the formation and regulation of the cardiac pacemaking system and potassium ion transmembrane transport. The experimental analysis revealed that SXSM could upregulate the expression of the <i>Bmp4/Tbx3/Hcn4</i> pathway and the expression of <i>Kcnh2</i>, <i>Kcnma1</i>, and <i>Kcnq1</i> channels, which protected and improved the pacemaking function of pacemaker cells (P cells) and increased the heart rate. These findings provide a scientific basis in the study of the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of SSS.