Titanium Dioxide: A Versatile Earth‐Abundant Optical Material for Photovoltaics

Abstract Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) has long been receiving attention as a promising material for enhancing the performance of photovoltaic devices due to its tunable optoelectronic properties. This paper reviews the utilization of TiO 2 in recent photovoltaic applications, focusing primarily on its role as an optical material. The fundamental properties of TiO 2 are reviewed, such as its wide bandgap and unique property of tunable refractive index. Furthermore, various strategies are discussed to harness the fundamental properties of TiO 2 to improve light absorption and charge carrier generation within various photovoltaic devices. Overall, the pivotal role of TiO 2 as an Earth‐abundant and non‐critical optical material is highlighted for future advances in the power conversion efficiency and viability of photovoltaic technologies, paving the way for future research and developments aimed at achieving sustainable and cost‐effective solar energy conversion.