An Overview of the Mechanical Behavior of Nanocomposites Considering the Interphase

ABSTRACT Over the past decade, nanocomposites with polymer matrices have garnered significant attention for their ability to enhance properties with minimal inclusion volume, thanks to nanoscale reinforcement. The key factor distinguishing them from microcomposites is the interphase, an area of interaction where matrix properties are influenced by the reinforcement. This induces a dependence on particle size that sets nanocomposites apart. Observation of the interphase is achieved through experimental methods like atomic force microscopy (AFM) and numerical approaches such as molecular dynamics (MD) modeling. Indirect determination involves the comparison of experimental results with predictive models, which may be numerical or analytical homogenization schemes. The widely used double inclusion scheme focuses on nanocomposites, but for a comprehensive mechanical behavior prediction, elastic behavior alone is not sufficient. Factors in the matrix (plasticity, viscosity, temperature) and morphology (dispersion, surface treatment, bonding) must be considered. This review explores various methods in the literature that address these aspects.