Classification and structural analysis of value chain contracts for biodiversity conservation in the European Union

• Biodiversity conservation is becoming an important aspect of value chain contracts. • Twenty-two value chain contracts preserving biodiversity were analyzed. • New structural classification of value chain contracts and seven categories provided. • Contract structures can be adapted to local value chain objectives. • Value chain contracts innovate valorization of biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. Enhancing biodiversity is crucial for ensuring food security and fostering sustainable agricultural practices. To this end, agri-environmental and climate schemes (AECS) and innovative contracts are implemented to promote biodiversity conservation and Ecosystem Services. Studying the implemented contracts and their characteristics can lead to improving their performance and efficiency. This paper examines the value chain contracts covered in three European projects and classifies them based on their contractual, financial, environmental and biodiversity characteristics. The design of the contracts was analyzed and seven categories were identified regarding the structure of the value chains and the interplay among stakeholders within these contracts. Our findings underscore the significant role of the private sector in preserving biodiversity and financing environmental practices, complemented by the public sector's contribution in motivating farmers and raising consumer awareness.