Influence of horizontal wind on high-altitude balloon system dynamics

During the stratospheric flight of high-altitude balloon systems, horizontal wind significantly impacts the motion. In this study, we established a precise geometry model to analyze mass and aerodynamic characteristics of balloons. A dynamic model for balloon systems under the influence of horizontal wind is developed, encompassing horizontal motions, vertical fluctuations, and pendulums. The accuracy of the theoretical model is validated using experimental data. The analysis of impact from horizontal wind on the motion of balloon systems focuses on three main aspects. Firstly, under aerodynamic forces , the balloon system tracks the horizontal movement of the surrounding wind field, exhibiting a motion delay relative to the ambient wind field, primarily correlated with balloon volume. Secondly, the balloon characterized by lift coefficients experiences lift generated by airflow , resulting in vertical fluctuations in the balloon system. Lastly, when subjected to wind, different sections of the system encounter varied aerodynamic forces , leading to system pendulum with distinct modes that influence the attitude of payload.