The Impact of Systemic Inflammation on Recurrence in Patients with Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction

<b>Background</b>/<b>Objective:</b> Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) is commonly treated by probing, but recurrence remains a clinical issue. This study investigates the potential role of inflammatory biomarkers, such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), in predicting recurrence after probing in children with CNLDO. <b>Methods:</b> This retrospective cohort study included 172 patients who underwent initial probing for unilateral CNLDO. The patients were then categorized into two groups: those who experienced the complete resolution of symptoms after primary probing, and those who required Ritleng tube intubation due to recurrence following primary probing. Blood samples for calculating inflammatory biomarkers in all subjects were collected during general anesthesia preparation prior to initial probing. NLR, MLR, and PLR values were compared between the groups using the independent samples <i>t</i>-test. The predictive performance of the inflammatory biomarkers for recurrence was assessed using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. <b>Results:</b> A total of 110 patients were included in the probing group, while 62 patients were in the recurrence group. The mean age at the time of the initial probing procedure was 15 ± 4.06 months in the probing group and 15.83 ± 4.02 months in the recurrence group. There was no difference in the duration of the probing procedure between the groups. The mean age at the time of Ritleng tube intubation in the recurrence group was 37.80 ± 13.34 months. The recurrence group exhibited significantly higher values in all analyzed inflammatory markers compared to the probing group, including the NLR (1.12 ± 0.56 vs. 0.86 ± 0.39, <i>p</i> = 0.002), MLR (0.16 ± 0.06 vs. 0.14 ± 0.06, <i>p</i> = 0.005), and PLR (95.13 ± 24.34 vs. 82.23 ± 22.77, <i>p</i> < 0.001). ROC curve analysis indicated that these inflammatory biomarkers demonstrated moderate performance in predicting recurrence. <b>Conclusions:</b> Recurrence following probing in children with CNLDO was associated with complete blood cell count-derived inflammatory biomarkers. The preoperative assessment of these biomarkers may aid in the individualization of disease management and inform the development of new therapeutic strategies.