Large-scale Cosmic-ray Anisotropies with 19 yr of Data from the Pierre Auger Observatory
Abstract Results are presented for the measurement of large-scale anisotropies in the arrival directions of ultra–high-energy cosmic rays detected at the Pierre Auger Observatory during 19 yr of operation, prior to AugerPrime, the upgrade of the observatory. The 3D dipole amplitude and direction are reconstructed above 4 EeV in four energy bins. Besides the established dipolar anisotropy in R.A. above 8 EeV, the Fourier amplitude of the 8–16 EeV energy bin is now also above the 5 σ discovery level. No time variation of the dipole moment above 8 EeV is found, setting an upper limit to the rate of change of such variations of 0.3% yr −1 at the 95% confidence level. Additionally, the results for the angular power spectrum are shown, demonstrating no other statistically significant multipoles. The results for the equatorial dipole component down to 0.03 EeV are presented, using for the first time a data set obtained with a trigger that has been optimized for lower energies. Finally, model predictions are discussed and compared with observations, based on two source emission scenarios obtained in the combined fit of spectrum and composition above 0.6 EeV.
Authors
- T. Paulsen
- Bruno L. Lago (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9672-0499)
- S. Petrera (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6029-1255)
- Varada Varma Kizakke Covilakam (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5278-3172)
- T. Pierog (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7472-8710)
- T. Huege (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2783-4772)
- Carmina Pérez Bertolli (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9790-5732)
- G. Nicora
- Frank Schröder (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8495-7210)
- A. C. Fauth (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7239-0288)
- Enrique Varela (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0715-7513)
- L. Anchordoqui
- Shigeru Negi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3526-4140)
- Lorenzo Cazon (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6748-8395)
- Lukáš Vaclavek (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0910-3415)
- B. R. Dawson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4271-3055)
- R. Squartini
- Harm Schoorlemmer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8999-9249)
- J. Pawlowsky
- Dalibor Nosek (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6219-200X)
- G. Parente (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2847-0461)
- Emanuele De Vito (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2045-7588)
- M. Roth (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1281-4477)
- Adriel Bartz Mocellin
- Berenika Čermáková
- S. J. de Jong (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3120-3367)
- F. Campuzano (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7172-3095)
- S. U. Shivashankara
- V. Rizi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5277-6527)
- T. Fitoussi
- K. Daumiller (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0527-4823)
- Lorenzo Caccianiga (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2245-5108)
- L. Nellen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1059-8731)
- Katarína Simkova (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2363-9846)
- R. Caruso (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1622-8731)
- F. Sarazin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5614-1986)
- V. Verzi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2291-9387)
- Luis A. Núñez
- M. Cristinziani (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3893-9171)
- R. Colalillo
- E. Zas (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4430-8117)
- Martin Weitz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4236-318X)
- F. Barbato
- M. Conte
- I. Allekotte
- L. Miramonti (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2808-5363)
- J. Meinert
- F. Simon (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5978-0289)
- F. Salamida (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9306-8447)
- Benjamin Flaggs (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5549-1869)
- G.P. Guedes (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9160-4832)
- A. D. Supanitsky (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6942-6216)
- R. Mussa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0294-9071)
- T. Schulz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0661-492X)
- Fiona H. Ellwanger
- Jaime Álvarez-Muñiz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2367-0803)
- J. Köhler (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8790-3374)
- J. Blümer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7715-9608)
- C. Watanabe
- Denise Boncioli (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1186-9353)
- Martin Vacula (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4844-3962)
- Miguel A. Martins (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7294-6204)
- F. Guarino (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1427-9885)
- M. Erdmann (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1653-1303)
- Jarosław Stasielak (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9284-7000)
- H. Falcke (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2526-6724)
- A. Letessier‐Selvon (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2044-3103)
- Alex Tapia (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0585-7161)
- M. Palatka (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2061-6059)
- I. De Mitri (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8665-1730)
- K. S. Caballero‐Mora (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4042-3855)
- Roberto Aloisio (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0161-5923)
- V. M. Harvey
- Bjarni Pont (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2578-5364)
- G. Medina-Tanco
- P. G. Isar
- M. Gottowik (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1427-9885)
- J. de Jesús
- Juan Ammerman Yebra (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2059-6206)
- P. Mantsch (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8382-7745)
- A. Yushkov
- M. Boháčová
- Rukije Uzeiroska
- Nicolás Martín González (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6566-2222)
- Toshihiro Fujii (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2401-504X)
- C. Dobrigkeit
- Luis Miguel Domingues Mendes (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0651-9404)
- Zuzana Svozilikova (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5210-0781)
- A. Castellina
- G. Matthiae
- Maximilian Stadelmaier (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7943-6012)
- P. Assis (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7765-3606)
- Bin Yue (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7829-1181)
- Bradley C. Manning
- Alena Bakalová (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1001-4484)
- Jan Ebr (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8807-6162)
- Anthony Bwembya (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6995-5978)
- S. Andringa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6397-9207)
- C. E. Covault
- Felix Riehn (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8434-7500)
- Agustín Cobos Cerutti
- C. Bonifazi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3087-3609)
- Eleonora Guido (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0772-7654)
- Jan Pękala (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1062-5595)
- Paulo J. Costa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0492-6666)
- A. Haungs
- U. Giaccari
- Gopal Bhatta (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0705-6619)
- E. Avocone
- H.O. Klages (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4306-021X)
- M. Prouza (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3238-9597)
- H. Wilczyński (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2652-9685)
- Antonio Ambrosone (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9942-1029)
- M. Aglietta (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8354-5388)
- A. Gorgi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8085-2304)
- F. de Palma (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5898-2834)
- Z. Szadkowski
- Italo Epicoco (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6408-1335)
- V. Novotny
- Armando Manuel Fernandes (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7850-0847)
- N. Langner
- Subhasis Panja (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8798-8431)
- S. Dasso
- Luan Bonneau Arbeletche (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4544-9808)
- Fabio Convenga (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2841-1034)
- B. Tomé (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7564-8392)
- J. Matthews (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1832-4420)
- M. Saharan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9306-8447)
- Fernando Catalani (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9332-1476)
- Ricardo Conceição (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7341-7611)
- Adrian Sedoski (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4253-3361)
- Radomir Šmída (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0122-1123)
- P. Sampathkumar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4555-4512)
- M. Pimenta (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2590-0908)
- Carmelo Evoli (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6023-5253)
- Matías Rolf Hampel (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7622-4826)
- Jose A. Bellido (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0833-9194)
- M. Freitas (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8721-0023)
- S. Vorobiov
- R. C. dos Anjos (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6463-2272)
- J. Řídký (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6697-1393)
- B. Keilhauer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4494-1155)
- R. W. Clay (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9040-9648)
- Katharine Mulrey (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8026-8020)
- C. Bleve (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6841-3280)
- S. Buitink
- Vincent Pelgrims (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5053-3847)
- Chloé Gaudu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2803-4873)
- Yago Lema-Capeans
- Carmen Merx
- Mohsen Pourmohammad Shahvar
- Lukas Gülzow (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0620-3525)
- S. Strähnz
- A. Cermenati
- N. Denner (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3527-0018)
- Sergio Cabana-Freire (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9261-1359)
- Beatriz de Errico (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4212-0708)
- João Vítor Reginatto Akim (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8179-9747)
- Fedor Tairli
- Alex Reuzki
- Tim Fehler
- Eric William Mayotte (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2618-9166)
- M. Unger (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7651-0272)
- J. Chudoba (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6425-2579)
- Christoph M. Schäfer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4477-9218)
- A. De Roeck (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3234-6634)
- Danelise de Oliveira Franco (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8435-7730)
- Gioacchino Alex Anastasi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0824-5283)
- Indira D. Vergara Quispe (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8377-5933)
- Teresa Bister (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4005-0857)
- K.‐H. Kampert (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2805-0195)
- Stanislav Michal (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6563-1573)
- Luiz Augusto Pereira (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3263-3203)
- Jose Sanabria Gomez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4217-3212)
- B. Garćıa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0919-2734)
- Marcus Niechciol (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6823-8056)
- Leonel Morejón (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1494-2624)
- J. Brack (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4096-2063)
- Edivaldo Moura Santos
- Isabelle Lhenry-Yvon
- A. Segreto
- Qader Dorosti (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9711-0609)
- P. Sommers
- M. Straub
- L. Perrone
- D. Góra
- E. Roulet
- M. Buscemi
- M.A. Leigui de Oliveira
- G. Golup
- G. Sigl
- J. Pallotta
- J. Rodriguez Rojo
- Carlos J. Todero Peixoto (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3669-8212)
- F. Feldbusch
- B. Andrada
- S. Mayotte
- Eva Santos
- C. Berat
- J. C. dos Anjos (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1487-9832)
- A. Filipčič
- A. Del Popolo
- A. C. Rovero
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- Margita Kubátová
- G. Consolati
- F. Knapp
- L. Deval
- J. A. Chinellato (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3240-6270)
- R. Sarmento (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5018-5467)
- Pavel Horváth (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6710-5339)
- G. Marsella (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-8874)
- Nataliia Borodai (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1864-937X)
- Kévin Almeida Cheminant (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6352-5339)
- Martin Schimassek (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4295-7719)
- L. Chytka
- J. P. Lundquist
- Jose F. Valdés Galicia
- P. Travnicek
- Sergio J Sciutto (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1148-3231)
- A. Menshikov
- P. Stassi
- O. Tkachenko
- S. Hahn
- M. Büsken
- M. Pech
- Cainã de Oliveira (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4038-1509)
- J. R. Hörandel
- Orazio Zapparrata (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8839-4715)
- R. Sato
- D. Mandat
- A. Travaini
- P. Gabriel Brichetto Orchera
- L. Valore
- E. E. Pereira Martins
- Silvia Mollerach
- W. M. Namasaka
- Virginia Binet
- P. Hamal (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3139-7234)
- J. Vink
- P. Hansen
- Ioana Codrina Mariş (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5771-1124)
- M. Scornavacche
- A. Vásquez-Ramírez
- O. Deligny
- P. Privitera
- P. O. Mazur
- T. Suomijärvi
- A. G. Mariazzi
- P. Janeček
- D. Zavrtanik
- C. Galea
- H.J. Mathes
- M. Zavrtanik
- M. Schimp
- B. Wundheiler
- H. Salazar
- R. Engel
- F. L. Briechle
- L. Nožka
- V. de Souza
- C. Aramo
- A. Nucita
- D. Schmidt
- David Wittkowski
- A. Insolia
- P. L. Biermann
- F. Gobbi
- F. Gollan
- R. M. de Almeida
- M. J. Roncoroni
- P. Abreu
- A. Abdul Halim
- Marta Bianciotto
- P. Filip (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4896-7053)
- N. Kunka
- O. Martínez Bravo
- C. S. Cruz Sanchez
- J. Jurysek
- A. Săftoiu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7903-6510)
- L. Lopes (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8571-0033)
- P. L. Ghia (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1101-4857)
- A. Almela (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1233-2670)
- P. F. Gómez Vitale
- M. Platino
- C. Hojvat
- J. C. D’Olivo
- G. Farrar
- G. Ávila
- M. Risse
- A. Fuster
- Jonathan Biteau
- J.M. Figueira (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6768-5214)
- P. R. Araújo Ferreira
- R. Pelayo
- J.M. González (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8781-2885)
- Antonio Condorelli (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5681-0086)
- K. Bismark
- D. Nitz
- D. Veberič
- Miroslav Hrabovský
- M. E. Bertaina
- J. C. Arteaga Velázquez
- C. Petrucci
- J. P. Gongora
- E. Arnone
- S. Sehgal
- A. Machado Payeras
- Vlastimil Jílek (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5774-7285)
- V. Vašíčková
- Khoa Nguyen
- D. Melo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6755-728X)
- M. I. Micheletti
- C. Timmermans
- T. Hebbeker
- A. Weindl
- M. Kleifges
- J. Rautenberg
- A. di Matteo
- J. Blazek
- L. Wiencke
- L. Apollonio
- Sara Martinelli
- D. Martello
- A. Etchegoyen
- G. Salina
- F. Sánchez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6861-6261)
- E. Rodriguez
- F. Krieger
- B. Fick
- J. Vicha
- Diego Ravignani
- C. Taricco
- A. Bueno (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1930-3576)
- M. Cerda
- Jaime de Oliveira
- S. Stanič
- M. Pothast
- J. Schulte
- A. Khakurdikar
- P. Tobiska
- Z. Torrès
- M. Gómez Berisso
- S. Rossoni
- V. Scherini
- Sven Querchfeld
- M. Emam (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7247-936X)
- O. Scholten
- F. M. Mariani
- H. Schieler
- Luciana Andrade Dourado
- P. Schovánek
- Tomáš Fodran (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9529-0853)
- Matias Jorge Tueros (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1570-1419)
- G. Cataldi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8066-7718)
- D. dos Santos
Institutions
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (DE)
- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (BR)
- Universidad Industrial de Santander (CO)
- University of Rome Tor Vergata (IT)
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (BR)
- National Technological University (AR)
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (US)
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (BE)
- University of Bucharest (RO)
- University of Salento (IT)
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (AR)
- Federal Center for Technological Education Celso Suckow da Fonseca (BR)
- Lehman College (US)
- Rafael Advanced Defense Systems (Israel) (IL)
- University of Wuppertal (DE)
- Colorado School of Mines (US)
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo (MX)
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) (BR)
- Lodz University of Technology (PL)
- University of Milan (IT)
- University of Nova Gorica (SI)
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (ES)
- TU Dortmund University (DE)
- University of Siegen (DE)
- Charles University (CZ)
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (BR)
- National University of General San Martín (AR)
- Cracow University of Technology (PL)
- University of L'Aquila (IT)
- LIP - Laboratory of Instrumentation and Experimental Particle Physics (PT)
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (IT)
- Bariloche Atomic Centre (AR)
- Jožef Stefan Institute (SI)
- University of Łódź (PL)
- Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences (US)
- University of Catania (IT)
- National University of Rosario (AR)
- Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (BR)
- National Institute for Subatomic Physics (NL)
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Lecce (IT)
- Electronics for Imaging (United States) (US)
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino (IT)
- Municipality of Medellín (CO)
- PolymemTech (Poland) (PL)
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (FR)
- Centro Científico Tecnólogico - Rosario (AR)
- Centre for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics (UZ)
- Universidad de Puebla (MX)
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania (IT)
- Medical University of Lodz (PL)
- Centro Siciliano di Fisica Nucleare e di Struttura della Materia (IT)
- School Centre Nova Gorica (SI)
- Astronomisch Fysisch Onderzoek Nederland (NL)
- St. Charles Hospital (US)
- Naples Anesthesia & Physician Associates (US)
- Universidad de Medellín (CO)
- Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (FR)
- Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas (MX)
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano (IT)
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (AR)
- Centro Científico Tecnológico - La Plata (AR)
- University of Palermo (AR)
- Interuniversity Institute for High Energies (BE)
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (FR)
- Mylan (Switzerland) (CH)
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (IT)
- Pierre Auger Observatory (AR)
- International Center for Advanced Studies (AR)
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I (IT)
- Abiola Ajimobi Technical University Ibadan (NG)
- Universidad Filadelfia de México (MX)
- University of Rochester (US)
- University of Turin (IT)
- The University of Adelaide (AU)
- Palacký University Olomouc (CZ)
- Universidade Federal do ABC (BR)
- University of Delaware (US)
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata (AR)
- University of Palermo (IT)
- FH Aachen (DE)
Publication Details
- Journal
- The Astrophysical Journal
- Published
- 2024-11-01
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad843b
- Citations
- 16
- Primary Topic
- Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 10.55
Funders
- National Science Foundation
- U.S. Department of Energy
- Grainger Foundation
- Strong
- Ministerul Cercetării, Inovării şi Digitalizării
- European Commission
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche
- Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
- Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy
- Grantová Agentura České Republiky
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
- Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
- Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología
- Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
- Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS
- Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
- Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
- Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Unitatea Executiva pentru Finantarea Invatamantului Superior, a Cercetarii, Dezvoltarii si Inovarii
- Xunta de Galicia
- Junta de Andalucía
- Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e Comunicações
- Vlaamse regering
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
- Ministerium für Kultur und Wissenschaft des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen
- Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics
- Agencia Nacional de Promoción de la Investigación, el Desarrollo Tecnológico y la Innovación
- Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
- Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica
- Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- European Regional Development Fund
- Agencia Estatal de Investigación
- Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules