Impact of Electric Vehicle Penetration on Power Distribution System Using Stochastic Monte Carlo Algorithm

This paper presents the impact of electric vehicle (EV) penetration on power distribution systems using the stochastic Monte Carlo algorithm. Due to the rapid growth of EV penetration, this study proposes opportunities and challenges for modern power distribution systems. This study leverages the Monte Carlo algorithm to investigate the impact of varying levels of EV penetration on standard IEEE power distribution systems by analyzing three scenarios with EV penetration rates of 30, 50, and 70%, respectively. It assesses the effects on voltage stability index, total power losses, and CO<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> emissions. The simulation results reveal that increased EV penetration leads to significant increases in total power losses and notable changes in voltage profiles, which vary depending on the level of EV penetration. Additionally, it evaluates the environmental benefits of transitioning from ICE vehicles to EVs, quantifying the associated reductions in CO<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> emissions. The study comprehensively visualizes voltage profile variation, total power loss, and CO<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> emission. These insights offer critical guidance for utilities or policymakers in managing the evolving demands on power grids and harnessing the environmental advantages of higher EV adoption in the future.