High-Gain InP-Based Hybrid Plasmonic Nanoantennas Design Using SiO₂-Graphene-Au Stacked Waveguide

In this study, we present the design and analysis of high-gain InP-based hybrid plasmonic nanoantennas incorporating a SiO<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf>-Graphene-Au stacked waveguide. The proposed nanoantenna leverages the superior optical properties of Indium Phosphide (InP), integrated with a hybrid waveguide structure consisting of SiO<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf>, graphene, and gold (Au). The inclusion of SiO<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> serves as a low-loss dielectric layer, graphene enhances light-matter interactions, and Au provides strong plasmonic effects. Our simulation results, obtained using CST, demonstrate that the proposed design achieves a significant enhancement in gain and directivity compared to traditional configurations. Specifically, the proposed nanoantenna exhibits a remarkable gain of 13.27 dB at a resonant frequency of 193.45 THz (1550 nm), highlighting its potential for high-performance photonic applications.