Direct 3D printing of smooth optical elements

Xolography is a volumetric 3D printing method utilizing dual-color photoinitiators to fabricate layer-free objects from photopolymer resins, ranging from millimeters to centimeters in size. It enables fast, continuous printing producing objects with smooth surfaces and free of internal interfaces immediately after printing and postcuring. Xolography has the potential to revolutionize prototyping and fabrication of optical elements by allowing their rapid additive manufacturing without the need for additional surface treatment.