Three visions about surface water quality

Water quality is a worldwide problem, especially in places where the growth of urban areas alters surface waters that can be analyzed in conjunction with legislation, bioindicators and emerging pollutants. However, the use of these three variables to determine water quality is still scarce. For this reason, the use of these three variables was the objective of this research, which sought answers as to their associative use for the analysis of surface waters such as the Paragominas Igarapé, in the municipality of the same name, Pará, Brazil. Investigative research with qualitative and quantitative scope was used with 72 selected publications, in seven types of publication, whose time frame was between 2005 and 2024.The data obtained and analyzed indicated that Conama Resolution 357 still needs changes and greater flexibility where bioindicators composed of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera (n= 8; 80%), and pollutants or contaminants such as microplastics (9.0 ± 6.6). This association was confirmed by principal component analysis (PCA): PC1 = 87%. PC2 = 12.8%. Thus, the use of the association between Conama Resolution 357/2005, with the EPT group and microplastics, may indicate greater veracity in the quality of urban surface waters, such as the Paragominas stream.