DPAF: Image Synthesis via Differentially Private Aggregation in Forward Phase

Differentially private synthetic data is a promising alternative for sensitive data release. Many differentially private generative models have been proposed in the literature. Unfortunately, they all suffer from the low utility of the synthetic data, especially for high resolution images. Here, we propose differentially private aggregation in forward phase (DPAF), an effective differentially private generative model for high-dimensional image synthesis. Unlike previous private stochastic gradient descent-based methods, which add the Gaussian noise in the backward phase during model training, DPAF adds differentially private feature aggregation in the forward phase, which brings advantages, such as reducing information loss in gradient clipping and low sensitivity to aggregation. Since an inappropriate batch size has a negative impact on the utility of synthetic data, DPAF also addresses the problem of setting an appropriate batch size by proposing a novel training strategy that asymmetrically trains different parts of the discriminator. We extensively evaluate different methods on multiple image datasets (up to images of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$128\times 128$ </tex-math></inline-formula> resolution) to demonstrate the performance of DPAF.