Advancements in transition metal-catalyzed 1,2,3-triazole synthesis via azide–alkyne cycloaddition

Abstract 1,2,3-triazoles have emerged as important structural motifs in chemical biology, attracting increasing focus in recent years because of their wide range of uses. These compounds can be efficiently synthesized using click reactions. Its versatility makes it valuable in drug discovery and materials science. Significant advancements have been made in recent years in the process of making 1,2,3-triazoles, reflecting the growing curiosity and investment in the area of research. The catalytic performance of transition metals Cu, Ir, Rh, Ru, Ni, Pd, Au, Ag, and Zn, which were used as ligands and salts in the azide–alkyne cycloaddition method of 1,2,3-triazole synthesis, has been covered in this review. Cu-complexes and salts were found to be more effective for selective synthesis among all transition metals. Furthermore, it is determined that some azide–alkyne reactions are entirely catalytic in nature and cannot be carried out as such by switching transition metals.