Study on the anti-colon cancer effect of Renshen Yangrong decoction based on network pharmacology, molecular docking, and in vivo and in vitro experiments

Renshen Yangrong Decoction (RSYRD) is a traditional Chinese medicinal compound widely used as an adjuvant in colon cancer treatment. However, the specific role of RSYRD in anti-colon cancer remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the anti-colon cancer effects of RSYRD using network pharmacology, molecular docking, and in vitro and in vivo experiments. The active ingredients and targets of RSYRD were identified utilizing databases, and RSYRD-ingredient-target and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed. Gene Ontology (GO) functional analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis were performed on the anti-colon cancer targets of RSYRD, followed by molecular docking using AutoDockTools 1.5.6. In vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to explore the mechanism of RSYRD and evaluate its inhibitory efficacy on colon cancer. A total of 233 active ingredients and 88 colon cancer-related targets were identified, including 9 core targets. GO functional analysis revealed that RSYRD exerts anti-tumor effects through processes such as oxidative reactions, closely associated with intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that the anti-tumor effect of RSYRD involved the interaction of cancer-related and viral disease-associated pathways, as well as the IL-17, TNF, and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways. Molecular docking showed stable ligand-receptor binding, with binding energies below −5.0 kcal mol −1 . In vitro experiments demonstrated that RSYRD increased ROS levels, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and promoted apoptosis in SW620 cells, thereby inhibiting cell proliferation and migration. In vivo experiments showed that RSYRD significantly suppressed colon cancer proliferation. This study identified Quercetin, Kaempferol, 7-Methoxy-2-methyl-isoflavone, Licochalcone-a, and Isorhamnetin as core ingredients in RSYRD, likely exerting anti-colon cancer effects by inhibiting proteins such as ESR1, HSP90AA1, NCOA2, and MAPK14, and suppressing the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, thereby regulating tumor cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis.