Evaluation of 5G Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) Communications in Urban Scenarios

This paper presents a simulation and evaluation of vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication within a real urban environment tailored for fifth-generation (5G) networks. The main contributions are: (i) utilizing a real map segment of Barcelona, Spain, from OpenStreetMap; (ii) generating vehicular mobility patterns using the Simulation of Urban MObility (SUMO) tool; and (iii) simulating vehicular communications with the ns-3 network simulator. The study employs the 3GPP Urban Macro (UMa) propagation model to accurately represent the urban communication conditions of 5G V2X, accounting for obstacles like buildings and foliage. Various scenarios, both with and without specific communication patterns, are compared to assess their impact on key metrics, such as the average packet inter-reception rate and packet reception rate, revealing notable differences in variability and effectiveness. The use of cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) further illustrates the impact of urban obstacles on 5G V2X communications. An iterative simulation approach is adopted to automatically optimize model parameters, thereby improving the robustness of the results and their practical applicability.