Evaluating Biodiesel Properties from Waste Cooking Oil for Sustainable Energy Applications

Biodiesel was synthesized from used vegetable oils collected from local restaurants in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria, using a base-catalyzed transesterification process with methanol and potassium methoxide as the catalyst. The physicochemical properties of the produced biodiesel, such as density, kinematic viscosity, flash point, pour point, cetane number, and calorific value, were evaluated and compared against conventional diesel fuels and biodiesel from other sources like Jatropha, Neem, and Castor oils. Gas chromatography (GC) was used to analyze the fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) composition, identifying methyl oleate, methyl linoleate, methyl palmitate, and methyl stearate as the primary components. The produced biodiesel exhibited favourable properties, including a cetane number and flash point within recommended ASTM standards, indicating efficient ignition and safe storage characteristics. Additionally, the calorific value and kinematic viscosity of the biodiesel were found to be comparable to conventional diesel, making it a viable blend for diesel engine applications.