THE PROBABILITY OF REVOLUTIONS: THE ROLE OF CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT IN THE FORMATION OF PROTEST PRACTICES

Considerations about the probability of revolutions and the role of cultural environment as a source of protest practices become extremely relevant in the context of globalization and the understanding of the phenomenon of identity � ethnic, national or religious. The purpose of the study: based on relevant professional research, to find out when revolutions are more likely to happen � during socio-economic progress or regression, as well as to understand the connection of the cultural environment with protest practices. The research methodology is based on a comprehensive approach, which includes the analysis of scientific publications to determine the probability of revolutions. The early works of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels are considered, where it is stated that the deepening degradation of the working class inevitably leads to despair and rebellion. Later, Karl Marx changed his opinion and emphasized that progress leads to revolutions. Alexis de Tocqueville came to the same conclusions. With the involvement of the works of well-known modern researchers in the field of social sciences Robert Merton, Ted Robert Garr, James Davis and Jack Goldstone, the present aspects of the theory of revolutions are emphasized and the role of the cultural environment in the formation of protest practices is clarified. It has been established that revolutions usually take place when five factors are actualized against the background of a significant percentage of young people over a relatively short period of time: economic and fiscal hardship; growing alienation and oppositional attitudes among the elites; revolutionary mobilization based on popular outrage over injustice; the ideology of resistance, which unites and motivates representatives of different social strata; favorable or unfavorable international environment