Enhancing the Security of Single-Packet Authentication Protocol Using Multi-Dimensional Factors

This paper proposes a design method for a stealth gateway that supports multi-factor authentication, centered around software-defined perimeter (SDP) technology. The gateway dynamically authorizes user access requests initiated from authenticated devices and blocks such requests from unauthenticated devices. After legitimate users’ access requests are authenticated through multiple factors including passwords, one-time passcodes, IP addresses, etc., they are forwarded by the stealth gateway. Compared to traditional Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), firewalls, and other security measures, the stealth gateway effectively reduces the attack surface of the network, achieves multi-factor authentication and perimeter invisibility, thereby enhancing overall data security.