Association Of Platelet Parameters with Microvascular and Macrovascular Complications In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background and Aim: Platelet indices, including mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), and platelet large cell ratio (P-LCR) reflect platelet function and are associated with increased thrombotic risk. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between platelet indices and complications in T2DM patients. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 200 T2DM patients at a tertiary care center, Gujarat. Patients with abnormal platelet counts, platelet-affecting medications, severe anemia, or other medical conditions were excluded. Data were collected on demographics, anthropometrics, and vascular complications. Blood samples were analyzed for complete hemogram, platelet indices such as MPV, PDW, and P-LCR, renal function, glycemic control, and other relevant parameters. Results: The study included 200 T2DM patients (mean age 57.01 years, 61% male, 65% with diabetes >5 years). Microvascular complications were present in 77% of patients, macrovascular in 30%, and both in 15%. In patients with microvascular complications, platelet count (298.11 ± 33.12 vs. 280.30 ± 39.23, p=0.03 MPV (12.21 ± 2.32 vs. 10.1 ± 1.99, p=0.001), PDW (14.99 ± 2.34 vs. 11.98 ± 1.65, p=0.001), and PLCR (44.27 ± 8.65 vs. 36.12 ± 4.56, p=0.001) were significantly higher compared to those without complications. Patients with complications also had higher HbA1c levels (9.12 ± 1.98 vs. 8.15 ± 1.87, p=0.02) and longer diabetes duration (9.22 ± 3.45 vs. 6.44 ± 3.21, p=0.02). Conclusion: These findings highlight the potential of platelet indices as cost-effective markers for early detection of vascular complications in T2DM.