Tea intervention ameliorated metabolic dysfunction caused by circadian rhythm disorders via gut microbiota-bile acid-FXR axis

• The ameliorative effects of different teas on CRD induced metabolic dysfunction were compared. • Tea extracts upregulated FXR expression in the liver while downregulating their expression in the intestine. • Tea intervention improved CRD induced metabolic dysfunction by modulating the gut microbiota-bile acid -FXR axis. With the rapid development of society and changing lifestyles, people often encounter circadian rhythm disorder (CRD). Although tea active components have shown promise in improving CRD, a comprehensive comparison of different types of tea in improving CRD is still lacking, and the mechanism of regulating CRD-induced metabolic disorders remained unclear. This study selected three representative teas (Green tea, black tea, and dark tea) and compared the ameliorative effects of different teas on CRD-induced metabolic dysfunction. Furthermore, tea intervention improved the metabolic syndrome associated with CRD mainly through decreasing relative abundance of BSH-producing microbes, increasing conjugated bile acids (BAs) that act in an antagonistic manner on intestinal farnesoid X receptor (FXR), and promoting elimination of BAs via the feces. Our results shed light into the mechanisms behind the ameliorative effect of tea intervention on metabolic dysfunction caused by CRD, and suggest that the gut microbiota-bile acid-FXR axis may be potential therapies.