"Criminal Legislation Related to the Protection of Artificial Intelligence Data: A Comparative Study"

The remarkable development in artificial intelligence (AI) programs and applications, combined with the increasing use of its tools and applications—which are often loaded with extensive personal and non-personal data—raises concerns about potential misuse. This is particularly critical as personal data relates to individuals' rights and freedoms, necessitating strict regulations on its use. Most Arab and international legislations have addressed this issue by defining such data, specifying its various types, and establishing rules for its use, including the legality of that use and criminalizing any misuse beyond personal applications. Given the importance and urgency of this topic, it serves as a primary motivation to write about it. The aim is to highlight the key features of both Arab and foreign criminal legislations concerning the protection of data related to AI applications. With the expected continued advancement and proliferation of these applications in various fields, protecting individuals from any misuse of data is crucial. Keywords: criminal legislations – personal data – artificial intelligence applications – European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) 2018