Wastewater Treatment by Biological Filtration Technique Improves Biochemical and Microbiological Parameters in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Polluted water from drains outfalls in fish farms has a dangerous environmental effect. This study assesses the impact of the quality of treated wastewater by sand filter system in three different types of water as drainage water (DW), treated water (TWW), and River Nile water at El-Kanater El-Khyria (RNW) as control. The suitability of water quality for reuse in Nile tilapia farming has been examined. Based on bacteriological results, treated water has significantly reduced pathogenic bacterial diversity. The results of the fish examination indicated that changes in water quality variables have a significant impact on the blood profile of fish. The obtained data showed poor water quality in DW compared with TWW and RNW. Fish from DW had high levels of amino-aspartate activity transferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), increased values of creatine and urea, and decreased antioxidant enzyme activity compared to control. Thus, it could be concluded that the treatment of drainage water using a sand filter is efficient in producing high water quality for fish farming.