From ancient to modern: Astronomy in medieval Islam

Abstract This paper firstly summarises the main reasons for the huge development of astronomy in the medieval Islamic world. Then it explores the intrinsic connections of the discipline with the society of the time through some of its main practical applications which proved useful for both civil and religious needs. Finally, it examines the influence and the main consequences of this scientific development, recalling a common traditional debate on the role of medieval Arabic astronomy in the European Renaissance.