Uterine cysts in mares

This work is aimed at studying the etiology, prevalence, diagnosis, treatment of uterine cysts and their difference from the embryo during ultrasound examination. Endometrial cysts are often the cause of infertility and indicate pathological changes in the uterus, occurring in older mares. There are two types of uterine cysts: endometrial glandular cysts and lymphatic lacunar cysts. Endometrial cysts are usually smaller than lymphatic cysts located in the endometrium and are composed of endometrial glands. Lymphatic cysts cause obstruction of the lymphatic channels and appear as single or multilobular structures. Cysts can result from chronic degenerative changes in the endometrium and their clinical significance varies. For example, in terms of fertility, their influence is related to size, conditioning, content and location in the uterus. The presence of small cysts often indicates matte structures. In addition, larger or more active cysts have an impact on the course of pregnancy. Single large or small cysts can lead to embryonic pregnancy failure, which is the most difficult recognition of maternal pregnancy. Careful testing methods can effectively monitor the mare's condition and ensure the prospects for a successful pregnancy. This pathology is diagnosed using rectal and ultrasound examinations. There are many treatment options: they can be removed by surgery, hysteroscopic biopsy forceps, snare, laser (diode, CO2 or Nd/YAG laser), electrocoagulation or injection of 70 % ethanol (sclerotherapy method). But unfortunately, many cysts are prone to relapse. Sometimes the presence of cysts can interfere with the diagnosis of pregnancy or lead to an erroneous diagnosis of “multiple pregnancy”, since cysts under ultrasound exposure appear as filling fluid structures in the endometrial lumen. For this reason, it is important to be able to diagnose, predict consequences and treatment options in the mare.