Advances and Prospects of PID Controller in Mechanical Field: From Traditional Tuning to Intelligent Optimization

Abstract. The extensive use of PID controllers in the mechanical fieldparticularly in robots and other mechanical systemsis covered in this study. In these sectors, PID controllers have become the most popular control technology due to their straightforward design and simplicity of use. PID controller performance in nonlinear complex systems is explored, along with stability and adaptive adjustment, by comparing the conventional and intelligent PID tuning methods. According to the research, control performance can be greatly enhanced by merging PID controller with intelligent technologies like fuzzy logic and genetic algorithms. These results point to the possible use of PID-based control in numerical control systems in the future. PID controllers' automatic tuning capabilities have garnered significant attention in the industrial sector. Future research will focus on the automatic tuning of PID controller to further optimize its performance and broaden its application range.