Targeting aerosol delivery to regions of nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) in three dimensional models of human intranasal airways using the BiVax intranasal atomizer

These results suggest that, in individuals with similar nasal airway dimensions as our models: 1) supine and upright head positions might be used to target delivery of aerosolized vaccines generated by the BiVax intranasal atomizer to NALT sites in the middle turbinate and the inferior turbinate and nasopharynx combined, respectively; 2) delivery to the middle turbinate may be higher in children ≤5-yo; and 3) deposition in the anterior nose may be higher in adults, for all head positions. <i>In vivo</i> tests are needed to confirm these findings.