Managing epistaxis in hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia: a comprehensive narrative review of therapeutic horizons

A stepwise approach to managing epistaxis in patients with HHT involves a gradual escalation of treatments, starting with conservative measures and progressing to more invasive interventions as necessary. Topical oils can be efficient and intranasal bevacizumab injection shows promise, but more data are needed. Surgical options range from bipolar cautery and laser therapy to complete closure of the nasal cavity. Proper patient selection remains crucial.