Functional Food Potential of <i>Chrysanthemum morifolium</i>, <i>Perilla frutescens</i>, and <i>Sophora japonica</i> in Managing Hyperuricemia through Dual Enzyme Inhibition

Amid growing concerns regarding gout and hyperuricemia associated with high-protein and purine-rich diets, the need for effective prevention and management strategies with minimal side effects has become increasingly critical. This study evaluates the potential of three commonly consumed plant-based functional foods, <i>Chrysanthemum morifolium</i>, <i>Perilla frutescens</i>, and <i>Sophora japonica</i>, inhibiting xanthine oxidase (XO) and adenosine deaminase (ADA), key enzymes in uric acid metabolism. Results from hyperuricemia model mice indicate that this blend significantly reduces serum uric acid levels, mirroring the efficacy of conventional prevention and management strategies such as allopurinol but with fewer adverse effects. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis confirms that flavonoids are the primary bioactive agents, exhibiting a strong affinity for XO. These findings highlight the viability of integrating plant-based functional foods into comprehensive gout management strategies, underscoring their role in enhancing patient health through dietary innovation.