Biofuel: A sustainable and clean alternative to fossil fuel

Increasing fuel consumption has threatened energy supply stability, raising significant environmental and economic concerns for many countries. As global energy demand rises, reliance on fossil fuels poses serious challenges, including greenhouse gas emissions and resource depletion. In response, substantial efforts are made to develop and adopt clean renewable fuel alternatives. Replacing fossil fuels with biofuels can significantly reduce emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter (PM), and tropospheric ozone (O3). Recent advances in the development of biofuels via genetic engineering have larger prospects for commercial-scale production. However, large-scale production remains challenging; therefore, to address this issue, it is vital to convert biomass into biofuels by developing revolutionary technology to improve biofuel production to meet present and future energy demands. The study aims to analyze alternative renewable energy sources and recent trends in the production of biofuel that are required to meet the demands of the global energy sector and economy while also considering future demand and utilization.