Oxidative Desulfurization of Dibenzothiophene Using Catalyst of NiO Impregnated on Magnetic Silica Sand from Parangtritis Beach

Oxidative desulfurization of dibenzothiophene (ODS-DBT) using catalyst of NiO impregnated on magnetic silica sand from Parangtritis beach (Ps) had been evaluated. The NiO-Ps catalyst was prepared using wet impregnation method with Ps to Ni (NO 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 O weight ratio of 1:1. The catalyst was calcined at a temperature of 400 °C for 5 h under flow of 20 mL min -1 of N 2 gas . The ODS-DBT process was carried out using NiO-Ps catalyst on solution of n-hexane with a sulfur content of 500 ppm under variations of temperature, time, and H 2 O 2 volume. The results of XRD and FTIR indicated the main minerals of Ps were quartz, alumina, and magnetite. The Ps and NiO-Ps had crystallinities of 59.97 and 70.32% with crystal sizes of 16.32 and 10.95 nm. The SEM-EDX and TEM analysis showed the surface of Ps was flat and NiO-Ps was rough. The BET-nitrogen absorption-desorption indicated the Ps and NiO-Ps were mesoporous materials with average pore diameters of 11.98 and 24.01 nm, total pore volumes of 0.008 and 0.057 cm 3 g -1 , and specific surface areas of 2.611 and 9.502 m 2 g -1 . The Ps and NiO-Ps have acidity values of 1.14 and 1.74 mmol g -1 . The optimum desulfurization using NiO-Ps catalyst in the ODS-DBT was 79.40% obtained at a temperature, time, and H 2 O 2 volume of 60 °C, 30 min, and 0.42 mL.