NEUROTROPIC EFFECTS OF ENDOGENOUS COMPOUNDS – TYRONOME COMPONENTS IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Background. During the last decades, data on potential cytoprotective effects of decarboxylated and deiodinated endogenous compounds – metabolites of thyroid hormones, constituting the thyronome, have been accumulated. The aim of this review is to systematize the biological effects of thyronome components in the central nervous system from the position of their possible role as potential neuroprotectants. Material and methods. English- and Russian-language full-text articles from PubMed, Mendeley, and e-library electronic databases were selected for analysis using query «(thyroid OR thyroid hormone metabolite OR *-iodo-thyronamine OR thyronamine OR TAAR OR thyronome OR T0AM OR T1AM OR thyroacetic acid) AND (brain OR central nervous system OR CNS OR stroke OR neurodegenerat*)». The search depth amounted to 10 years. Results. The review systematizes the most important neurotropic properties of 3-T1AM and other thyronome components, including their influence on behavioral effects, memory, pain threshold level, apoptosis, autophagy, and excitotoxic neuronal death, and describes the role of individual receptors and intracellular signal transduction pathways in the realization of these properties. Conclusion. The components of thyronome, in particular 3-T1AM, demonstrate a wide range of potential neuroprotective properties, and for its potential use in the clinic, it is relevant to find ways to increase local concentration in the brain or permeability to the BBB, as well as the development of more effective synthetic analogues.