Synergy Optimized Routing Protocol for Multiobjective Optimization in Underwater Communication Networks

Underwater communication systems face challenges, including limited bandwidth, high latency, and void areas. This article introduces synergy optimization routing protocol (SORP) for Internet of Underwater (IoU) sensor networks, emphasizing link scheduling to address localization, energy consumption, latency, network longevity, and void regions. Leveraging belief-desire-intention (BDI) and fuzzy logic, SORP offers adaptive responses to varying network conditions. Theoretical modeling using NetLogo enhances the understanding of SORP’s behavior. In evaluation, SORP consistently outperforms others. Demonstrating superior energy efficiency (3.0–3.9) compared to PPWURC, state prediction-based data collection (SPDC), balanced routing protocol based on machine learning (BRP-ML) (40–120), and energy efficient clustering routing protocol based on arithmetic progression (5–6.5), SORP proves its efficacy. Latency analysis reveals SORP consistently displaying the lowest values (2.0–2.8), surpassing packet hierarchy and void processing, SPDC, and BRP-ML (8.3–30.0). With a perfect packet delivery ratio (PDR) of 98%, SORP showcases exceptional reliability. Network lifetime analysis positions SORP as a durable option, lasting from 3985 to 4010 rounds. Validation through an underwater communication system demonstrates speeds of 5 Mb/s and above. Simulation testing reveals a transmission speed of 80 bps with latency of less than 4 s and 98% PDR. Theoretical predictions indicate significant improvements in real-time transmission, reducing latency to less than 1 s with a speed of 5 Mb/s. This research presents an innovative and practical approach to address underwater communication challenges, highlighting the efficiency and reliability of SORP in routing protocols for underwater sensor networks. The combination of theoretical modeling and real-time testing offers a comprehensive understanding, emphasizing the potential real-world impact of SORP.