Overcoming Boundaries: Interventional Oncology Paving the Way for Cholangiocarcinoma Resection

Abstract Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) has been increasing in the United States and other Western countries and carries a very poor prognosis. Currently, the only curative option is surgical resection, which can increase the 5-year survival from 5 to 30%. However, only 15% of cases of ICC are resectable at the time of diagnosis. With the development of new interventional treatment strategies, including radioembolization, chemoembolization, and portal and hepatic venous embolization, interventional radiologists are playing an increasing role in downstaging and improving the survival outcomes of patients who were initially unresectable.