LITHIUM: THE DAWN IN THE STORM OF BIPOLAR DISORDER

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic condition characterized by alternating episodes of mania, depression and hypomania, which significantly affect patients' quality of life.Lithium stands out as one of the most classic mood stabilizers in the treatment of BD, being widely used both in acute crises and in the prevention of new episodes.This study conducted a literature review to investigate lithium's mechanisms of action, its therapeutic efficacy and the challenges associated with treatment, including side effects and the need for continuous monitoring.Lithium was found to have neuroprotective properties against self-destructive attacks with a proven effect in reducing the risk of suicide.In addition, it is important to adjust doses and monitor serum levels to minimize adverse effects and optimize adherence to treatment.Despite the challenges, lithium remains an essential treatment for BD, representing an effective short-and long-term therapeutic option for patients facing this psychiatric condition.