A Decade of Prevalence and Clinicopathological Insights Into Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Study From an Indonesian Tertiary Hospital

Background Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is a lymphoid malignancy originating from germinal center B cells, predominantly affecting young adults. The clinical profile, histologic subtypes, and immunohistochemical (IHC) patterns play crucial roles in diagnosing cHL and predicting prognosis. This study examines the prevalence, clinicopathological features, and IHC patterns of cHL at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia, based on large-scale data collected over a decade. Methods This retrospective analysis included 739 confirmed cases of cHL from 2014 to 2023, identified using hematoxylin and eosin staining and an IHC panel. Data on patient demographics, tumor locations, and stages were collected from medical records. The IHC markers utilized were CD20, CD3, CD30, CD15, PAX5, MUM1, Ki67, and CD45. Chi-square and Fisher exact tests were employed to analyze the distribution of subtypes across different age groups and stages. Result The most affected age group was 20-29 years, comprising 239 cases (32.34%), with a male predominance of 396 cases (53.59%). The majority of tumors were located in nodal areas, accounting for 532 cases (84.31%), while 99 cases (15.69%) were found in extranodal sites, predominantly in the mediastinum. The nodular sclerosis (NS) subtype was the most frequent, accounting for 461 cases (62.38%), followed by mixed cellularity, lymphocyte-depleted, and lymphocyte-rich classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Most cases were diagnosed at early stages (I-III), with NS significantly associated with early-stage diagnosis (OR 3.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.30-7.22). Conclusion The occurrence of HL in terms of prevalence, age, gender, and stage in our study is similar to other Asian countries. Notable correlations were observed between HL subtypes with age and stage.