Cascaded Integral Minus Tilt Integral Derivative With Filter for Frequency Stabilization of <scp>V2G</scp> / <scp>G2V</scp> Enabled Hybrid Microgrid

ABSTRACT Renewable generation plays an important part in today's power system. With the inclusion of the inverter interfaced renewable energy sources (RESs) into a microgrid, the total system inertia decreases and it leads to increased frequency deviation in presence of a disturbance. This paper proposes a cascaded Integral Minus Tilt Integral Derivative with Filter (I–TDN)‐Proportional‐Integral (PI), [(I‐TDN)‐PI] controller for frequency stabilization of a hybrid microgrid in presence of electric vehicles (EV). The microgrid model includes reheated thermal power plant with high degree of non‐linear system such as inverter based RESs like photovoltaic and wind generation systems. A diesel engine generator is incorporated for load frequency control during perturbation in the system frequency. Virtual inertia controller (VIC) with inverter based energy storage system (ESS) is commonly used to improve system inertia and frequency stability of the microgrid. In addition to the ESS, this paper proposes inclusion of the EVs in this VIC. The optimal gains of the proposed cascaded I‐TDN‐PI controller are determined using Mountain Gazelle Optimizer (MGO), a modern metaheuristic optimization algorithm. Sensitivity of the proposed controller is investigated in presence of system nonlinearities, load perturbations, time delay, system parameter variation and RES power fluctuations. The simulation results justify the robustness of the proposed control structure for frequency stabilization of the microgrid.