Antidiabetic Potential of Mangifera Indica: Insights from In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic endocrine disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels. Owing to the adverse side effects of synthetic drugs, natural products attract research interest because of their fewer side effects and prominent efficacy. In the present study, we examined the antidiabetic effects of the seeds of Mangifera indica. Materials & Methods: Phytochemical analysis (quantitative and free radical scavenging activity), in vitro enzymatic assays, and in vivo antidiabetic studies were performed on the hydroalcoholic extract of M. indica. Additionally, an immunohistochemistry approach was utilized to illustrate the alteration of the cellular architecture in the pancreatic islets of extract-treated diabetic rats. Results: The hydroalcoholic extract exhibited good phenolic and flavonoid contents, prominent radical scavenging ability, and antidiabetic activity in an in vitro enzymatic assay. At a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight, the hydroalcoholic extract significantly decreased the blood glucose and HbA1c levels and substantially improved the serum marker levels (GLU, ALB, UREA, CREA, CHOL, TG, SGPT, SGOT, TP, HDL, and ALP). The immunohistological study revealed 40% regeneration of pancreatic β-cells upon extract treatment. Conclusion: The hydroalcoholic extract has prominent antidiabetic activity, as evidenced by both in vitro and in vivo studies, by modulating the cellular composition and regenerating the β-cells of the pancreatic islet.