Features of the epidemiology of esophageal cancer among the population of Ukraine for the period from 2016 to 2023

Esophageal cancer is an extremely serious and highly relevant issue with substantial medical and social significance. The significance is primarily due to its aggressive nature, as esophageal cancer progresses rapidly and is often diagnosed in its late stages. Late detection limits treatment options and generally leads to poorer survival outcomes, making it one of the most challenging cancers to manage. A study of data from the National Cancer Registry of Ukraine examined trends in standardized morbidity and mortality rates from 2016 to 2021. Over this period, the standardized morbidity rate decreased by 16.3%, while the standardized mortality rate dropped by 15.6%, suggesting some improvements in early detection and treatment approaches during those years. However, the outbreak of hostilities in Ukraine in 2022 created substantial barriers to healthcare operations, particularly in cancer centers. According to official data, military actions disrupted data collection, making it impossible to calculate standardized morbidity and mortality rates per capita for years 2022–2023. By the end of 2023, only data on the total number of patients registered in cancer care institutions were available. This lack of comprehensive data limits understanding of current trends in esophageal cancer and complicates planning for healthcare resources in the coming years. Wartime conditions pose unique challenges, as access to quality medical care may be restricted or delayed. For conditions like esophageal cancer, where early detection is crucial, limited access can lead to a higher likelihood of advanced-stage diagnoses, ultimately impacting prognosis and survival rates. These circumstances underscore the importance of maintaining continuity in cancer care, even under adverse conditions, through targeted healthcare planning. Keywords: analysis of dynamics, cancer, mortality and morbidity.