Comprehensive characterization and metabolomics to explore the role of hydrocortisone-induced yin deficiency syndrome in mice

Yin deficiency syndrome is a theoretical concept of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that claims an imbalance between Yin and Yang serves as a potential etiological factor disrupting physiological homeostasis. Its diagnosis in TCM is hindered by the intricate and diverse etiology, resulting in the absence of quantification and standardization. Hence, this study developed a hydrocortisone (HC) induced Yin deficiency syndrome model to investigate the intricate network underlying TCM and elucidate its intervention mechanism. In the findings, the model was characterized by weight loss, elevated drinking water, yellow urination, dry stools, variations in inflammatory factors, and higher levels of oxidative stress. Based on metabolomics, 56 metabolites showed different expressions; among them, 19 were upregulated, and 37 were downregulated. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that identified metabolites are mainly involved in glycerol phospholipid metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, arginine and proline metabolism, and arachidonic acid metabolism pathways. Finally, the metabolic network association confirmed the diagnostic accuracy of the Yin deficiency syndrome as established by HC. We propose for the first time an animal model of Yin deficiency syndrome induced by hydrocortisone in TCM clinical state. This research presents experimental evidence for establishing TCM symptoms and serves as a fundamental basis for the scientific awareness of their etiology.