Enhancing healthcare professionals' biopsychosocial perspective to chronic pain: assessing the impact of implementing an interdisciplinary training program

Advancements in clinical science have shown the necessity for a paradigm shift away from a biomedical toward a biopsychosocial approach. Yet, the translation from clinical science into clinical practice is challenging. The aim of this study was to assess the short-term and mid-term changes in pain knowledge and attitudes and guideline-adherent recommendations of healthcare professionals (HCP) by means of an interdisciplinary training program (ITP) about chronic pain. Belgian HCPs, with a priority for medical doctors, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, nurses, psychologists, and pharmacists in primary care, participated in the ITP, which contained 2 e-learning modules and two 7-hour workshops provided in small interdisciplinary groups in 5 cities. The objective of ITP was to improve HCP's competencies for integrating biopsychosocial chronic pain management with a cognitive behavioral approach into clinical practice. Primary outcomes were changes in knowledge and attitudes about pain and guideline-adherent recommendations for continuation of physical activity, sports, and work; avoiding bed rest; and not supporting opioid usage measured through 2 clinical vignettes. They were measured before, immediately after, and 6 months after the ITP. Changes were analyzed using (generalized) linear mixed models. A total of 405 HCPs participated. The knowledge and attitudes about pain scores improved at post-training (Δ = 9.04, 95% confidence interval 7.72-10.36) and at 6-month follow-up (Δ = 7.16, 95% confidence interval 5.73-8.59). After the training program, HCPs provided significantly more recommendations in accordance with clinical guidelines. Thus, an ITP can improve the biopsychosocial perspective of chronic pain management among HCPs in the short-term and mid-term.