Preparation of a Carrageenan and Fucoidan Silica Nanoparticle-Based Membrane for Guided Bone Regeneration in Dental Implant Sites

Carrageenans are the sulfated polysaccharides, extracted from the extracellular matrix of red seaweeds. Peri-implantitis is a pathological condition occurring in tissues around dental implants. Management of peri-implantitis should be concerned with control of infection, detoxification of the implant site and regeneration of alveolar bone. The goal of our study was to develop a membrane infused with carrageenan and fucoidan silica nanoparticles for guided bone regeneration around implant sites. Carrageenan (2%) was boiled for 2 min and 5% of fucoidan were added and boiled at 60°C and further 4000 μL of PEG was added, then film casting of membrane was done. 10 ml of silica nanoparticles were mixed in 0.1 g of SiO2 nanoparticles and were added to prepared carrageenan and fucoidan solution. Then film casting was done and air dried for 24 h. Antimicrobial assay, antioxidant activity, swelling and degradation analysis, FTIR test, tensile strength testing and SEM analysis were performed. The antimicrobial effect of carrageenan membrane showed better inhibitory effect against Streptococcus mutans. Antioxidant activity of the membrane infused with carrageenan and fucoidan silica nanoparticles shows 52.93 ± 0.35 SC effect percentage. The maximum force of tensile stress at break for carrageenan fucoidan incorporated with silica nanoparticles was about 5.76 MPa and for control sample membrane was 4.34 Mpa. Carrageenan and fucoidan based silica nanoparticles developed membrane showed good tensile strength and proven to have better antimicrobial, antioxidant activity with water absorption capacity which can be effectively used for guided bone regeneration around implant sites.