CHARACTERISTICS OF CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS IN INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS WITH MITRAL VALVE INVOLVEMENT

The purpose of the work is to analyze the clinical manifestations of infective endocarditis with mitral valve involvement. Materials and methods. The study included 287 patients who underwent mitral valve surgery, comprising 205 males and 82 females, with an average age of 50.1 ± 2.9 years, all of whom had a history of infectious endocarditis affecting the mitral valve. Results. The study analyzed the age groups of participants, considering their sex. It was found that in the age groups of ≥ 19, 20-29, 60-69, and 70-79 years, the sex differences in the incidence of infective endocarditis were not statistically significant (p ≥ 0.05). However, in the age groups of 30-39 years (p = 0.05, χ² = 3.87), 40-49 years (p = 0.02, χ² = 5.26), and 50-59 years (p = 0.006, χ² = 7.55), male patients were found to be affected more frequently. The most common etiopathogenetic causes of infectious endocarditis were identified as bronchopulmonary, urological, and general surgical factors. Key factors influencing susceptibility to infectious endocarditis included degenerative factors, congenital heart defects, and acquired heart defects resulting from rheumatic disease. The most frequent complications of infectious endocarditis presenting as organ failure included pneumonia, acute cerebrovascular accident, and acute heart failure. The frequency of emergency operations was significantly higher in patients who underwent mitral valve plastic surgery compared to those who had mitral valve replacement (p = 0.02, χ² = 5.16). Conclusions. The study results indicated that male patients are affected more frequently by infective endocarditis (p = 0.001, χ² = 10.73). It was observed that among the age groups of 30 to 59 years, male patients experience infective endocarditis significantly more often. Additionally, it was established that clinical features significantly influence the urgency of surgical interventions. The frequency of emergency operations was notably higher in patients who underwent mitral valve plastic surgery (p = 0.02, χ² = 5.16).