Rheumatoid Purpura in Children: A Retrospective Study

Introduction Rheumatoid purpura, also referred to as Schönlein-Henoch disease, is a form of systemic vasculitis that is characterized by the presence of IgA deposits within the walls of small vessels. The primary symptoms include skin purpura, arthralgia, abdominal discomfort, and urinary tract abnormalities. While often benign, the disease can result in severe complications, particularly those affecting the digestive and renal systems, which require urgent medical attention. Objectives This study aims to analyze the epidemiological, clinical, biological, therapeutic, and evolutionary characteristics of rheumatoid purpura in order to enhance understanding of its clinical and therapeutic management. The aim is to expand knowledge of the disease and optimize treatment strategies to prevent serious complications. Methods and results This retrospective study encompasses 39 cases of rheumatoid purpura treated at the General Pediatrics Department of CHU Mohamed VI in Oujda, Morocco, over a period of nine years and six months from January 2015 to June 2024. The patients had a mean age of 6.5 years, and there was a marked male predominance (sex ratio of 2.57). All patients exhibited cutaneous purpura (100%). Approximately 75% of patients exhibited joint involvement, 89% of cases were associated with digestive manifestations, and 28% of cases demonstrated renal involvement. Conclusion Rheumatoid purpura is a pediatric condition often triggered by an upper respiratory infection, characterized by IgA deposits. While typically benign, it can lead to severe complications, particularly in the digestive and renal systems. Corticosteroids are key in managing acute cases, although their preventive efficacy is limited. Early and appropriate management is crucial for improving long-term outcomes.