Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Protocols: Advancements and Implementation Challenges

Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols are a set of evidence-based guidelines designed to improve surgical outcomes by optimizing perioperative care. This approach integrates multidisciplinary strategies to reduce postoperative complications, shorten hospital stays, and enhance overall patient recovery. This article provides a comprehensive review of the advancements in ERAS protocols, including multimodal analgesia, optimized fluid management, early mobilization, and postoperative care. It also addresses the implementation challenges faced by healthcare systems, such as variability in adherence, resource constraints, and the need for interdisciplinary collaboration. By examining current evidence and real-world applications, this article highlights the potential benefits and obstacles of ERAS protocols, offering insights for future improvements and wider adoption.