Effect of galangin on oxidative stress, antioxidant defenses and mitochondrial dynamics in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia

Focal ischemia occurs when a cerebral artery becomes obstructed by an embolus or thrombus, leading to a rapid reduction in cerebral blood flow and significantly increasing the risk of mortality and disability. This condition is of particular concern in developing countries, where its prevalence is on the rise. Galangin, a flavonoid found in <i>Alpinia officinarum</i>, shows strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties. Its wide-ranging bioactivity in both <i>in vitro</i> and animal studies points to promising therapeutic applications. Given the role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of focal ischemia, the present study explored the effects of galangin on oxidative stress markers and antioxidant defenses in an animal model of the disease. A total of 60 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to six groups: Control, right middle cerebral artery occlusion (Rt.MCAO) + vehicle, Rt.MCAO + piracetam, and Rt.MCAO + galangin at doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight. The results indicated that 7 days of galangin treatment reduces infarct volume, malondialdehyde levels, and the density ratio of mitogen-activated protein kinase, while enhancing catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities, and improving the density ratio of mitofusin 2 protein in the cortex and hippocampus. In conclusion, galangin showed significant <i>in vivo</i> potential in mitigating the pathological changes caused by cerebral ischemia, likely due to its antioxidant properties and modulation of mitochondrial dynamics. Additional research is now needed to explore the biochemical and neurological impacts of galangin in focal cerebral ischemia and to fully elucidate its mechanism of action.