Antioxidant and pH-dependent cationic and anionic dye degradation activities of optimum synthesized organic@inorganic Cu hybrid nanoflowers

First time in this study, hybrid Cu nanoflowers (Cu hNFs) were synthesized with <i>Cystosphaera jacquinotii</i> algae extract and the pH-dependent catalytic activities of hNFs synthesized under optimum conditions against brilliant blue and methylene blue dyes were determined. Ideal morphology of hNFs, were synthesized by using 1 ml extract in PBS (pH 7.4). The diameter and petal thickness of optimum synthesized hNF were 7-22 µm, and 35.5 nm, respectively. Main skeleton component (C, O, P, and Cu) of hNFs were determined by EDX. The presence of functional groups and primary phosphate crystals formed by Cu and phosphate reaction in the PBS buffer were confirmed by FT-IR analysis. The hNFs exhibited the antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ = 1.27 mg/ml, <i>R</i>² = 0.6971) against to DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1- (2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) hydrazyl). hNFs degraded methylene blue and brilliant blue dyes at the highest at pH 9 (73.85%) and pH 5 (68.19%) media, respectively. Catalytic activities of hNFs against methylene blue and brilliant blue dyes were explained by Fenton mechanism. The findings are thought to be used in new type hNF synthesis and various environmental applications.