Measurements of polarization and spin correlation and observation of entanglement in top quark pairs using <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>lepton</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mtext>jets</m

Measurements of the polarization and spin correlation in top quark pairs (<a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><a:mi>t</a:mi><a:mover accent="true"><a:mi>t</a:mi><a:mo stretchy="false">¯</a:mo></a:mover></a:math>) are presented using events with a single electron or muon and jets in the final state. The measurements are based on proton-proton collision data from the LHC at <e:math xmlns:e="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><e:msqrt><e:mi>s</e:mi></e:msqrt><e:mo>=</e:mo><e:mn>13</e:mn><e:mtext> </e:mtext><e:mtext> </e:mtext><e:mi>TeV</e:mi></e:math> collected by the CMS experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of <g:math xmlns:g="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><g:mn>138</g:mn><g:mtext> </g:mtext><g:mtext> </g:mtext><g:msup><g:mi>fb</g:mi><g:mrow><g:mo>−</g:mo><g:mn>1</g:mn></g:mrow></g:msup></g:math>. All coefficients of the polarization vectors and the spin correlation matrix are extracted simultaneously by performing a binned likelihood fit to the data. The measurement is performed inclusively and in bins of additional observables, such as the mass of the <i:math xmlns:i="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><i:mi>t</i:mi><i:mover accent="true"><i:mi>t</i:mi><i:mo stretchy="false">¯</i:mo></i:mover></i:math> system and the top quark scattering angle in the <m:math xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><m:mi>t</m:mi><m:mover accent="true"><m:mi>t</m:mi><m:mo stretchy="false">¯</m:mo></m:mover></m:math> rest frame. The measured polarization and spin correlation are in agreement with the standard model. From the measured spin correlation, conclusions on the <q:math xmlns:q="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><q:mi>t</q:mi><q:mover accent="true"><q:mi>t</q:mi><q:mo stretchy="false">¯</q:mo></q:mover></q:math> spin entanglement are drawn by applying the Peres-Horodecki criterion. The standard model predicts entangled spins for <u:math xmlns:u="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><u:mi>t</u:mi><u:mover accent="true"><u:mi>t</u:mi><u:mo stretchy="false">¯</u:mo></u:mover></u:math> states at the production threshold and at high masses of the <y:math xmlns:y="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><y:mi>t</y:mi><y:mover accent="true"><y:mi>t</y:mi><y:mo stretchy="false">¯</y:mo></y:mover></y:math> system. Entanglement is observed for the first time in events at high <cb:math xmlns:cb="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><cb:mi>t</cb:mi><cb:mover accent="true"><cb:mi>t</cb:mi><cb:mo stretchy="false">¯</cb:mo></cb:mover></cb:math> mass, where a large fraction of the <gb:math xmlns:gb="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><gb:mi>t</gb:mi><gb:mover accent="true"><gb:mi>t</gb:mi><gb:mo stretchy="false">¯</gb:mo></gb:mover></gb:math> decays are spacelike separated, with an expected and observed significance of above 5 standard deviations. © 2024 CERN, for the CMS Collaboration 2024 CERN

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Journal
Physical review. D/Physical review. D.
Published
2024-12-30
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.110.112016
Citations
23
Primary Topic
Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
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article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
15.17

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article

Measurements of polarization and spin correlation and observation of entanglement in top quark pairs using <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>lepton</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mtext>jets</m

A. Santoro, T. Reis, M. A. Ciocci, S. Polikarpov et al.
23 citations
Physical review. D/Physical review. D.
Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
15.17
article

Measurements of polarization and spin correlation and observation of entanglement in top quark pairs using <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>lepton</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mtext>jets</m

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Abstract

Measurements of the polarization and spin correlation in top quark pairs (<a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><a:mi>t</a:mi><a:mover accent="true"><a:mi>t</a:mi><a:mo stretchy="false">¯</a:mo></a:mover></a:math>) are presented using events with a single electron or muon and jets in the final state. The measurements are based on proton-proton collision data from the LHC at <e:math xmlns:e="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><e:msqrt><e:mi>s</e:mi></e:msqrt><e:mo>=</e:mo><e:mn>13</e:mn><e:mtext> </e:mtext><e:mtext> </e:mtext><e:mi>TeV</e:mi></e:math> collected by the CMS experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of <g:math xmlns:g="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><g:mn>138</g:mn><g:mtext> </g:mtext><g:mtext> </g:mtext><g:msup><g:mi>fb</g:mi><g:mrow><g:mo>−</g:mo><g:mn>1</g:mn></g:mrow></g:msup></g:math>. All coefficients of the polarization vectors and the spin correlation matrix are extracted simultaneously by performing a binned likelihood fit to the data. The measurement is performed inclusively and in bins of additional observables, such as the mass of the <i:math xmlns:i="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><i:mi>t</i:mi><i:mover accent="true"><i:mi>t</i:mi><i:mo stretchy="false">¯</i:mo></i:mover></i:math> system and the top quark scattering angle in the <m:math xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><m:mi>t</m:mi><m:mover accent="true"><m:mi>t</m:mi><m:mo stretchy="false">¯</m:mo></m:mover></m:math> rest frame. The measured polarization and spin correlation are in agreement with the standard model. From the measured spin correlation, conclusions on the <q:math xmlns:q="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><q:mi>t</q:mi><q:mover accent="true"><q:mi>t</q:mi><q:mo stretchy="false">¯</q:mo></q:mover></q:math> spin entanglement are drawn by applying the Peres-Horodecki criterion. The standard model predicts entangled spins for <u:math xmlns:u="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><u:mi>t</u:mi><u:mover accent="true"><u:mi>t</u:mi><u:mo stretchy="false">¯</u:mo></u:mover></u:math> states at the production threshold and at high masses of the <y:math xmlns:y="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><y:mi>t</y:mi><y:mover accent="true"><y:mi>t</y:mi><y:mo stretchy="false">¯</y:mo></y:mover></y:math> system. Entanglement is observed for the first time in events at high <cb:math xmlns:cb="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><cb:mi>t</cb:mi><cb:mover accent="true"><cb:mi>t</cb:mi><cb:mo stretchy="false">¯</cb:mo></cb:mover></cb:math> mass, where a large fraction of the <gb:math xmlns:gb="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><gb:mi>t</gb:mi><gb:mover accent="true"><gb:mi>t</gb:mi><gb:mo stretchy="false">¯</gb:mo></gb:mover></gb:math> decays are spacelike separated, with an expected and observed significance of above 5 standard deviations. © 2024 CERN, for the CMS Collaboration 2024 CERN

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di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari (IT), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Berhampur (IN), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania (IT), Unidades Centrales Científico-Técnicas (ES), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (EG), Techin (Poland) (PL), Károly Róbert University College (HU), Istinye University (TR), Ruđer Bošković Institute (HR), Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (BR), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro (IT), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova (IT), HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics (HU), Sofie Biosciences (United States) (US), Florida Department of State (US), St. Charles Hospital (US), Naples Anesthesia & Physician Associates (US), Institute of High Energy Physics (AT), Vienna Institute for Nature Conservation & Analyses (AT), Institute of Modern Physics (CN), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Firenze (IT), Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics (GR), Canterbury College (GB), Institute of High Energy Physics (CN), University of Science and Technology of Mazandaran (IR), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Tirupati (IN), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano Bicocca (IT), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati (IT), Institute for Scintillation Materials (UA), SurgOne Foregut Institute (US), Centre de Calcul de l’Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules (FR), Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IR), Brandenburg University of Applied Sciences (DE), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna (IT), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste (IT), Instituto de Física de Cantabria (ES), Institute of Nuclear Physics of Lyon (FR), Stefan Meyer Institute for Subatomic Physics (AT), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (FR), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I (IT), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa (IT), Frascati Scienza (IT), Abiola Ajimobi Technical University Ibadan (NG), Vanderbilt Health (US), Bethel University (US), Secretaría de Ciencia, Humanidades, Tecnología e Innovación (MX), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia (IT), Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (FR), Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (ES), Shorter College (US), State Library of Ohio (US), University of Southampton (GB), Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (FR), Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies, Boğaziçi University (TR), Indian Institute of Management Bangalore (IN), University of Florence (IT), Hanyang University (KR), Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University (TR), University of Warsaw (PL), Istanbul Technical University (TR), Panjab University (IN), University of Virginia (US), The Ohio State University (US), University of Rochester (US), University of Turin (IT), University of Bari Aldo Moro (IT), Cukurova University (TR), Texas A&M University at Qatar (QA), Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski" (BG), Indian Institute of Science Bangalore (IN), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (MX), University of Montenegro (ME), Brunel University of London (GB), University of Puerto Rico-Mayaguez (PR), University at Buffalo, State University of New York (US), Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology (FI), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (ES), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US), Fayoum University (EG), Hacettepe University (TR), University of Milano-Bicocca (IT), University of Maryland, College Park (US), European Organization for Nuclear Research (CH), Istanbul University (TR), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (MX), AGH University of Krakow (PL), Polytechnic University of Bari (IT), University of West Alabama (US), Université de Strasbourg (FR), Universidad San Francisco de Quito (EC), University of Naples Federico II (IT), Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (MX), Athens State University (US), Rice University (US), Marmara University (TR), Carnegie Mellon University (US), University of Tennessee at Knoxville (US), Zhejiang University (CN), Sinop University (TR), Beihang University (CN), University of Genoa (IT), Helwan University (EG), University of California, Davis (US), Catholic University of America (US), Sungkyunkwan University (KR), Sapienza University of Rome (IT), Universidad del Noreste (MX), Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) (BR), RWTH Aachen University (DE), Modern Academy (EG), Bethel University (US), University of Colombo (LK), Texas A&M University (US), University of Latvia (LV), University of Split (HR), University of Bologna (IT), UCLouvain (BE), Tsinghua University (CN), Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar (IN), FH Aachen (DE)
National Science Foundation, U.S. Department of Energy, Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, Welch Foundation, Kavli Foundation, Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung, Nvidia, Weston Havens Foundation, CERN, Türkiye Enerji, Nükleer ve Maden Araştırma Kurumu, European Commission, Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India, Science Foundation Ireland, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy, Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg, National Science Council, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS, Belgian Federal Science Policy Office, Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Bulgarian National Science Fund, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning, Magyar Tudományos Akadémia, A.G. Leventis Foundation, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Secretaría de Educación Superior, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación, Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu, Ministry of Education, India, Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Latvijas Zinātnes Padome, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission, Ministry of Science,Technology and Research, Nemzeti Kutatási Fejlesztési és Innovációs Hivatal, Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Thailand, Qatar National Research Fund, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l’Industrie et dans l’Agriculture, European Regional Development Fund, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules
Openalex Percentile: Top 1%
Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
15.17
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