Analysis and Comparison of the Performances and Applications for the State-of-art Thermal Engines

Abstract. As a matter of fact, the development of contemporary internal combustion engines focuses on enhancing fuel efficiency and reducing emissions due to stringent environmental regulations. With the rise of electric cars, the development of hybrid technologies has driven innovation in internal combustion engines, and many modern vehicles combine internal combustion engines with electric motors. In this study, it introduces three different types of thermal engines with latest application in different transportation. By analyzing the limitations of internal combustion engines like thermodynamic limits and emission causing air pollution, it points the direction of future efforts on thermal engines. According to the results, internal combustion engines can be improved by increasing compression ratio through optimizing design and using better fuel like hydrogen. This article hopes to provide a clear understanding of the advantages and limitations of internal combustion engines. For companies and researchers, especially in the automotive sector, it aims to support strategic decisions in engine design and deployment.