Enhanced Tuberculosis Detection in Chest X-Rays Using Optimal Feature Selection with Hybrid Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (HBPSO) and a Dual Classifier Framework Combining LSTM and Spiking Neural Networks

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health challenge, particularly in developing countries, where rapid and accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment. Recent advancements in machine learning and image processing have shown promise in enhancing the detection of TB from chest X-ray images. This research introduces a novel approach that integrates a hybrid feature selection method with a dual classifier framework to improve the accuracy of tuberculosis detection. Feature extraction is conducted using Multi-Scale Local Binary Patterns (MSLBP), Speeded-Up Robust Features (SURF) with Bag of Words (BoW), and Cartoon Texture Features, combining them into a comprehensive feature vector. The Hybrid Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (HBPSO) is employed for optimal feature selection, reducing redundancy and improving classification efficiency. Classification is performed using a dual framework involving a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network and a Spiking Neural Network (SNN), which work in tandem to provide robust predictions. Majority voting is utilized to finalize predictions, ensuring high accuracy and adaptability across varying TB presentations. Extensive evaluation on publicly available datasets shows that this hybrid approach significantly outperforms existing methods, achieving a highest accuracy of 99.73%, along with superior precision, recall, and F1 scores.