Effect of intravenous lidocaine on catheter‑related bladder discomfort, postoperative pain and opioid requirement in complex fusion lumbar spinal surgery: a randomized, double blind, controlled trial

Intravenous lidocaine administration significantly reduced the incidence of moderate-to-severe CRBD at PACU and at 1 h postoperatively. Additionally, its use in complex spine surgery led to reductions in postoperative pain, opioid requirement, and improved patient satisfaction, without any observed side effects.